CRYSTALS-Kyber: LWE-based key encapsulation

Abstract

In the context of the NIST standardization process for identifying and analyzing Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) solutions, the first crucial outcome is the selection of the key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) CRYSTALS-Kyber.

Kyber is a public-key cryptographic scheme that allows two parties to derive a common secret with which to protect the exchange of information.

The major features, which allowed Kyber to be selected as the primary solution within KEM among the initial 45 NIST proposals, are to be found in its efficiency and guaranteed security in the face of the best-known classical and quantum attacks in the literature.

Within current cryptographic protocols, Kyber will replace cryptographic key exchange techniques based on problems vulnerable to quantum computing such as the widely used ECDH, Diffie Hellman key exchange built on elliptic curves.

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The authors

Veronica Cristiano, a bachelor’s degree in Mathematics from the University of Pisa and a master’s degree in Mathematics with a specialization in Cryptography at the University of Trento, joined the Telsy Cryptography research group in mid-2021.

Francesco Stocco, a master’s degree in Mathematics at the University of Padua and the Université de Bordeaux attending the course of study “Algebra Geometry And Number Theory” (ALGANT), joined the Telsy research group in Cryptography at end of 2020 focusing in particular on issues related to quantum technologies.