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QUANTUM

Quantum mechanics could completely revolutionize the world of cryptography, because the development of quantum computers could lead to the overcoming of current cryptographic algorithms. Telsy is directly involved in research in the field of Post-Quantum cryptography and Quantum key distribution.

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CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
Classic McEliece: key encapsulation based on codes

Introduction At the end of the third round of the NIST standardization process, the CRYSTALS-Kyber key encapsulation method aimed at replacing the current ECDH scheme was selected. NIST then defined...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
The math behind the PQC: Syndrome Decoding Problem

Introduction Cryptographic schemes starring in the NIST standardization process belonging to the code-based cryptography family are constructed from a problem called the Decoding Problem. Given a code and a vector,...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
The mathematics behind PQC: the codes

Introduction In addition to lattices, the foundation of lattice-based cryptography, another mathematical structure used to construct post-quantum cryptography schemes is error-correcting codes, more briefly codes. The codes originated in the...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
New post-quantum digital signature proposals: the second NIST competition

Introduction In July 2023, NIST announced four winning algorithms in the post-quantum competition, marking an important step forward in the transition process. The selected algorithms were CRYSTALS-Kyber for key negotiation...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
Falcon: digital signature based on NTRU

Introduction NIST’s Post-Quantum standardization process has identified two cryptographic schemes based on lattice theory within digital signatures: CRYSTALS-Dilithium and Falcon. Within modern cryptographic communication protocols, these solutions will replace the...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
CRYSTALS-Dilithium: LWE-based digital signature

Introduction NIST’s Post-Quantum standardization process identified two cryptographic schemes to be intended as “primary” solutions. With regard to Key Encapsulation Mechanisms (KEMs), key derivation schemes, CRYSTALS-Kyber was selected, while from...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
CRYSTALS-Kyber: LWE-based key encapsulation

Abstract In the context of the NIST standardization process for identifying and analyzing Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) solutions, the first crucial outcome is the selection of the key encapsulation mechanism (KEM)...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
The Math Behind PQC: Learning With Errors

Introduction Some of the winning cryptographic schemes in the NIST standardization process belonging to the latex-based cryptography family are constructed from a problem called Learning With Errors (LWE). Given a...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
The mathematics behind PQC: lattices

Introduction A large number of post-quantum cryptography schemes are built on a mathematical structure called “lattice“, on which hard-to-solve problems can be defined even for a quantum computer. Cryptosystems belonging...
QUANTUM
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and security

In the collective imagination, quantum computing has been relegated to science fiction for many years, but thanks to recent developments in technologies and substantial investments by major players, we are...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC)

Today the quantum attacks threat is a real danger. The protection of data and communications is linked to technologies that give future-proof answers, capable of thwarting threats with still partially...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
Digital signature algorithms: present and future

Abstract The digital signature is, in many respects, the analogue in the digital world of the handwritten signature that we all use on a daily basis. The main difference between...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): a disruptive technology

The quantum computing development and the prospect of its widespread diffusion are challenging the existing classical cryptography protocols security. At the same time, the advent of quantum computers has given...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
Key Negotiation in the Post-Quantum Era

Introduction Cryptography, understood as the set of information protection schemes, is typically divided into symmetric or private key cryptography and asymmetric or public key cryptography. Schemes or protocols that exploit...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC): a classical solution to the quantum threat

Introduction Public key (or asymmetric) cryptography is one of the bases on which all communication protocols rest which, starting from an insecure channel, must achieve multiple security properties, such as...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
The logical qubit and the correction of quantum errors

Introduction: Physical Qubit vs Logical Qubit As discussed in the previous article, the unit of information processed by a quantum computer is generically called Qubit or Quantum Bit. However, for...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
Shor’s Quantum Algorithm

Introduction Among the numerous applications of the quantum computing model, the most relevant in the cryptographic field is represented by the work of the American computer scientist Peter W. Shor....
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
Grover’s Quantum Algorithm

Introduction With the 1996 article “A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search,” Indian-American computer scientist Lov K. Grover helped highlight the non-negligible impact of quantum computing on cryptography in...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
The Qubit: introduction to quantum algorithms

Introduction Sometimes, in popular settings, the quantum computer is labeled as a particular “incredibly faster” computer. Although this consideration is not entirely far from reality, it is necessary to make...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
The Quantum Computing

Introduction At the end of the last century, the field of experimental physics was revolutionized by the technological development of classical computers. Among the numerous innovations, the possibility of computer...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM, NEWS
Telsy has recently entered into Quantum Telecommunications Italy

Telsy has recently completed its entry into Quantum Telecommunications Italy (QTI) with a minority stake in the share capital of this startup active in the field of quantum fiber optic...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
War and cryptography: the challenge of quantum communication

Message encryption has always been a very important tool within the military, stretching back to the time of the ancient Greeks to the present day. It is natural for two...
CRYPTOGRAPHY, QUANTUM
Quantum challenges to cryptography: why the future is already here

More and more often, we hear rather dramatic and movie-like statements about how the quantum era will change many aspects of our life, among which also cryptography and, therefore, security....